LithosAnanake/include/starkernel/vm/kernel_hermes.h

/*
  StarForth — Steady-State Virtual Machine Runtime

  Copyright (c) 2023–2025 Robert A. James
  All rights reserved.

  This file is part of the StarForth project.

  Licensed under the StarForth License, Version 1.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  You may obtain a copy of the License at:
      https://github.com/star.4th@proton.me/StarForth/LICENSE.txt

  This software is provided "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of
  merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement.

 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.

 */

/**
 * kernel_hermes.h - Kernel-resident Hermes: message and membership
 * structures (FABRIC-3.6.md task 2.1, item 28; design: FABRIC-3.5.md
 * SIII/SXXXIII/SXXXIV).
 *
 * Phase 2, task 2.1 ONLY: type definitions, wired to nothing, drawing no
 * heat. No allocator, no send/deliver/reap logic, no registration
 * anywhere -- those are tasks 2.2 onward, each its own commit. This file
 * existing and compiling changes no VM's dictionary and no runtime
 * behaviour; that is deliberate (FABRIC-3.5.md SXXII.4: Phase 2 structures
 * come first and prove nothing until the allocator is built on top, SXL.4
 * item 41).
 *
 * SkHermesMessage mirrors capsules/common/messaging.4th's live MSG-CELLS
 * layout (9 cells: MSG-TYPE@/FROM@/TO@/PADDR@/PLEN@/STADIUM-CELL@/SEQ@/
 * CH@/ORIG-TYPE@) field-for-field, per FABRIC-3.5.md SXXXIII.4 item 1 --
 * "roughly half the file is accessors that become struct fields." The
 * Stadium-cell field is the heat coupling itself: a message's heat is not
 * a field of its own, it IS the Stadium cell it occupies (SXL.4's
 * consumption model, SXXXIX.4's per-VM invariant) -- there is deliberately
 * no separate heat field here to keep that single-source-of-truth.
 *
 * SkHermesMembership is the "one broadcast membership list" SXXXIII.4
 * item 3 and SXXXIII.5 recommend in place of messaging.4th's 28-word
 * channel abstraction (CH-REQUEST/ACCEPT/CONFIRM/CLOSE/MINT-ID and the
 * CH-NEGOTIATING/OPEN/CLOSING state machine) -- traced to have exactly one
 * live caller, CH-ADD-MBR, everything else channel-shaped is unexercised.
 * Whether kernel-Hermes ever adds negotiation on top is item 27, an open
 * Phase 3 ruling (FABRIC-3.6.md B1) -- this structure does not answer
 * that question, it only holds a flat list, which is correct either way.
 */

#ifndef STARKERNEL_VM_KERNEL_HERMES_H
#define STARKERNEL_VM_KERNEL_HERMES_H

#ifdef __STARKERNEL__

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "starkernel/vm_uuid.h" /* VMUuid */
#include "starkernel/q48_16.h" /* Q48_ONE */

/*
 * SK_HERMES_MSG_MAX / SK_HERMES_MEMBER_MAX - sizing. Mirrors
 * messaging.4th's own MSG-MAX (32) and MBR-MAX (64) as a starting point --
 * kernel-Hermes is a single central pool rather than N per-VM arenas, so
 * these may need revisiting once real traffic exists to size against. Not
 * a ruling, just where the FORTH precedent already was.
 */
#define SK_HERMES_MSG_MAX    32
#define SK_HERMES_MEMBER_MAX 64

/*
 * SK_HERMES_Q_SLOT - per-message admission heat, task 2.2 (item 28).
 * messaging.4th:44-46 derives Q.SLOT as the reservoir remaining after
 * COMMON-CH's own Q.1/3 floor, split across MSG-MAX + (CH-MAX-1) slots --
 * a floor that exists to reserve heat for the one live channel object
 * itself. Kernel-Hermes has no such object: SXXXIII.4 item 3 and
 * SXXXIII.5 replace the channel abstraction with a flat membership list
 * that carries no Stadium heat of its own, so there is nothing left for a
 * floor to protect. Deliberately simpler here rather than carrying the
 * old formula's now-unmotivated term forward: reservoir split evenly
 * across message slots only.
 */
#define SK_HERMES_Q_SLOT ((uint64_t)Q48_ONE / SK_HERMES_MSG_MAX)

/*
 * SkHermesMessage - one message slot, field-for-field mirror of
 * messaging.4th's 9-cell MSG layout.
 *
 * @field type       Message type code (SPAWN/PAUSE/RESUME/KILL-style
 *                    codes are Category A/dead per task 0.1/0.4; live
 *                    types today are CONSOLE-CMD-EVENT(7),
 *                    ELEVATE-REQUEST(8), BLK-ATTACH-EVENT(9), messaging.4th
 *                    reserved sentinels MSG-NACKED(253)/MSG-DELIVERED(255)).
 * @field from        Sending VM (mirrors MSG-FROM@).
 * @field to          Target VM (mirrors MSG-TO@).
 * @field payload_addr Out-of-line payload address (mirrors MSG-PADDR@).
 *                    FABRIC-3.5.md SXLIII.6.1 (item 44, still open): a
 *                    payload above INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE-1 (1024) bytes cannot
 *                    be drained in one interpret call -- bound or chunk it
 *                    before Phase 3, not here.
 * @field payload_len Payload length in bytes (mirrors MSG-PLEN@).
 * @field stadium_cell Index into the Stadium cell array this message's
 *                    heat currently occupies, or a sentinel meaning "none"
 *                    (mirrors MSG-STADIUM-CELL@) -- the heat coupling
 *                    itself; see this file's own top comment.
 * @field seq         Monotonic send sequence (mirrors MSG-SEQ@).
 * @field channel     Broadcast/channel marker; unused today (mirrors
 *                    MSG-CH@) -- item 27 territory, not decided here.
 * @field orig_type   Original type before a NACK/redeliver rewrite
 *                    (mirrors MSG-ORIG-TYPE@).
 * @field in_use       Free-list occupancy flag for task 2.2's allocator.
 *                    Not present in the FORTH layout (which uses
 *                    MSG-TYPE@ 0<>  as its own live/free test) -- kept
 *                    explicit here rather than overloading `type == 0`,
 *                    since kernel-Hermes's held/pulled/returned/consumed
 *                    ledger (task 2.4, SXL.4) needs an unambiguous
 *                    occupancy bit independent of the type field's value.
 */
typedef struct {
    uint32_t type;
    VMUuid   from;
    VMUuid   to;
    void    *payload_addr;
    uint32_t payload_len;
    int32_t  stadium_cell;
    uint32_t seq;
    uint32_t channel;
    uint32_t orig_type;
    int      in_use;
    VMUuid   owner; /* VM whose reservoir funded this message (task 2.7) */
} SkHermesMessage;

/*
 * SkHermesMembership - one flat broadcast membership list: every VM that
 * has joined, no per-member state beyond identity. Replaces the 28-word
 * channel abstraction; see this file's own top comment for why.
 *
 * @field members Member VM identities, valid for indices < count.
 * @field count   Number of valid entries in members[].
 */
typedef struct {
    VMUuid members[SK_HERMES_MEMBER_MAX];
    size_t count;
} SkHermesMembership;

/*
 * sk_hermes_alloc - Heat-coupled allocate (task 2.2, item 28): pull
 * SK_HERMES_Q_SLOT from vm_id's own Stadium reservoir, admit a real
 * Stadium-floor patron with that heat (behaviour DELIVER, matching
 * messaging.4th's own `SB-DELIVER STADIUM-ADMIT`), and claim a free
 * message slot recording the admitted cell. Refuses cleanly, rolling
 * back anything already pulled/admitted, if reservoir, arena, or the
 * Stadium floor itself refuses.
 *
 * CORRECTED in task 2.3 (see this file's .c counterpart's own top
 * comment): the first cut of this function never admitted a real
 * Stadium patron, which left held message heat invisible to SXL.4's
 * conservation invariant while allocated. It now does, which is what
 * makes sk_hermes_release()'s eviction meaningful.
 *
 * Wired to nothing outside this file's own self-test (kernel_main.c) as
 * of task 2.2/2.3 -- no FORTH word, no capsule interaction, no protocol
 * logic (send/deliver/reap are later tasks). Exercised only by a
 * synthetic-VM self-test; does not change any real VM's dictionary.
 *
 * @param vm_id    Caller whose reservoir is charged.
 * @param out_msg  On success, set to the claimed slot. Untouched on
 *                 refusal.
 * @return 0 on success, -1 on refusal (insufficient reservoir, no free
 *         slot, or the Stadium floor itself refused admission -- this
 *         function does not distinguish the three in the return value;
 *         all three leave all state exactly as it was).
 */
int sk_hermes_alloc(VMUuid vm_id, SkHermesMessage **out_msg);

/*
 * sk_hermes_release - Return a message's heat via the Stadium eviction
 * path (task 2.3, item 28), mirroring MSG-FREE-NODE
 * ("DUP 5 CELLS + @ STADIUM-EVICT DROP"). stadium_evict() itself returns
 * the departing patron's remaining heat to its owning VM's reservoir --
 * this function does not touch the reservoir directly, matching the
 * FORTH shape exactly. Clears the slot (in_use = 0) whether or not
 * eviction succeeds, since a message this function was asked to release
 * should not remain allocated either way.
 *
 * @param msg  A slot previously returned by sk_hermes_alloc(). Refused
 *             (returns -1, no effect) if NULL or already released.
 * @return 0 on successful eviction, -1 if msg was invalid or eviction
 *         itself was refused by the Stadium floor.
 */
int sk_hermes_release(SkHermesMessage *msg);

/*
 * sk_hermes_ledger - Task 2.4 (item 28), the four counters FABRIC-3.5.md
 * SXXXVII.3/SXL.4 name: held, pulled, returned, consumed. Each is touched
 * at exactly one call site:
 *
 *   held      += pulled amount   -- sk_hermes_alloc(), on success only
 *   held      -= returned amount -- sk_hermes_release(), on success only
 *   pulled    += pulled amount   -- sk_hermes_alloc(), same site as held's
 *   returned  += returned amount -- sk_hermes_release(), same site as held's
 *   held      -= decay delta     -- sk_hermes_decay(), same site as consumed's
 *   consumed  += decay delta     -- sk_hermes_decay() (task 2.5)
 *
 * The audit invariant this ledger exists to make checkable (task 2.6,
 * epsilon zero): held == pulled - returned - consumed. All four are
 * exact integers (SXXXVII.3: "Nothing here is a measurement. There is no
 * noise to tolerate.") -- this accessor is how task 2.6's audit, task
 * 2.7's Stage B proof, and task 2.8's scan cross-check all read the same
 * four numbers, rather than each keeping its own copy.
 *
 * @param held      Set to the current live total (may be NULL).
 * @param pulled    Set to the cumulative total ever pulled (may be NULL).
 * @param returned  Set to the cumulative total ever returned (may be
 *                  NULL).
 * @param consumed  Set to the cumulative total ever consumed by decay
 *                  (may be NULL).
 */
void sk_hermes_ledger(uint64_t *held, uint64_t *pulled, uint64_t *returned, uint64_t *consumed);

/*
 * SK_HERMES_Q_DECAY - per-application decay factor, Q48.16. Identical to
 * messaging.4th's `65208 CONSTANT Q-DECAY` (65208/65536 ~= 0.99499):
 * FABRIC-3.5.md SXL.4 rules that the consumption economy is preserved
 * exactly, not re-tuned.
 */
#define SK_HERMES_Q_DECAY ((uint64_t)65208)

/*
 * sk_hermes_decay - Apply one decay step to a live message (task 2.5,
 * item 28), mirroring MSG-COOL-ONE (`MSG-HEAT@ Q-DECAY Q.* MSG-HEAT!`):
 * the message's Stadium-cell heat becomes q48_mul(heat, Q_DECAY). Unlike
 * MSG-COOL-ONE, the destroyed difference is RECORDED (SXXXVII.3): the
 * delta heat_before - heat_after is added to `consumed` and subtracted
 * from `held`, so held == pulled - returned - consumed stays exact.
 *
 * @param msg  A live slot from sk_hermes_alloc(). Refused (returns -1, no
 *             effect) if NULL, not in use, or holding no Stadium cell.
 * @return 0 on success, -1 if refused.
 */
int sk_hermes_decay(SkHermesMessage *msg);

/*
 * Task 2.6 (item 28): the self-audit, epsilon zero (SXXXVII.3).
 *
 * sk_hermes_audit_values - pure predicate: nonzero iff
 * held == pulled - returned - consumed exactly. Separate from the live
 * ledger so the check can be exercised with deliberately corrupted values
 * without mutating real state.
 *
 * sk_hermes_audit - checks the live ledger (O(1), SXXXVII.4); on failure
 * prints a console line and bumps a failure count. Called at the end of
 * every successful mutation: alloc, release, decay.
 *
 * sk_hermes_audit_failure_count - cumulative failures seen by the live
 * audit; must be 0 in a healthy kernel.
 */
int sk_hermes_audit_values(uint64_t held, uint64_t pulled, uint64_t returned, uint64_t consumed);
int sk_hermes_audit(void);
uint64_t sk_hermes_audit_failure_count(void);

/*
 * Task 2.8 (item 28), SXXXVII.4: the scan that verifies the counters
 * themselves. DIAGNOSTIC ONLY -- O(SK_HERMES_MSG_MAX), never called from
 * alloc/release/decay.
 *
 * sk_hermes_scan_held - walks the message arena and sums the live Stadium
 * cell heat of every in-use message (the ground truth `held` claims to
 * track). Sets *live_count (may be NULL) to the messages counted.
 *
 * sk_hermes_scan_check - nonzero iff the scan sum equals the `held`
 * counter exactly.
 */
uint64_t sk_hermes_scan_held(size_t *live_count);
int sk_hermes_scan_check(void);

/*
 * Channel table (FABRIC-3.6.md task 3.2, B1 / FABRIC-3.5.md SXLV.1): B1
 * overrules SXXXIII.5's single flat broadcast list -- messaging is
 * publish/subscribe, one permanent common channel every VM joins at
 * birth, private channels created by request/grant/deny (task 3.6, not
 * this one). SkHermesMembership (task 2.1) becomes per-channel: one
 * instance per SkHermesChannel table entry instead of one global list.
 *
 * INERT, same posture as task 2.1: this task wires channel existence and
 * membership bookkeeping only. No publish, no dispatch, no ACK/NACK, no
 * ACL hook (tasks 3.3, 3.6, 3.7) -- creating/destroying/subscribing a
 * channel here changes no VM's dictionary and delivers no message.
 *
 * Sizing: SXLV.1 says the channel table has "no fixed channel maximum,
 * same reasoning as SXLV.2" -- SXLV.2/task 3.1's own ruling is boot-time,
 * RAM-derived sizing (Stadium's stadium_max_vm_count_val pattern), not a
 * literal unbounded/growable table. No separate numeric sizing rule was
 * ruled for the channel table specifically (task 3.0's five sub-items
 * covered ACK cadence/ACL-hook-location/switch-table-sizing/chunk-
 * framing/drain-cadence, not this). Extending task 3.1's already-ruled
 * pattern directly -- same stadium_max_vm_count() bound, same
 * kmalloc-at-boot shape -- is the smallest choice consistent with what
 * was ruled, flagged here as an engineering extrapolation, not restated
 * as a separate Captain Bob ruling.
 */

/* SK_HERMES_CHANNEL_COMMON - the permanent common channel's fixed index.
 * Exists (in_use, empty membership) from sk_hermes_channels_boot_init()
 * itself, before any VM is born -- every VM joins it at birth (task 3.2's
 * own kernel_main.c/capsule_birth.c wiring), never destroyed. */
#define SK_HERMES_CHANNEL_COMMON 0

/*
 * SkHermesChannel - one channel/topic: its membership plus an occupancy
 * flag for the dynamic table below. No name field -- messaging.4th's own
 * channel abstraction (CH-ARENA) has none either; a channel is identified
 * by its table index, the same way a Stadium quota slot or a switch-
 * signal slot is identified by index, not by string.
 */
typedef struct {
    SkHermesMembership membership;
    int                 in_use;
} SkHermesChannel;

/* Boot-time allocation: kmalloc's the channel table to
 * stadium_max_vm_count() entries (see this section's own sizing note
 * above) and creates the common channel (index SK_HERMES_CHANNEL_COMMON,
 * in_use, empty membership -- members join at birth, not pre-populated
 * here). Must run after stadium_boot_init() (that bound is 0, and this
 * fails, until Stadium has computed it). Soft failure -- returns -1 and
 * leaves the table unallocated (capacity 0, so every call below simply
 * refuses) rather than halting boot, same posture as
 * stadium_boot_init()/session_boot_init()/sk_vm_switch_signal_boot_init().
 * Idempotent-unsafe: calling twice leaks the first allocation, so callers
 * must call it exactly once. */
int sk_hermes_channels_boot_init(void);

/* sk_hermes_channel_create - allocate a new, empty, inert channel.
 * Returns its table index, or -1 if the table is full or
 * sk_hermes_channels_boot_init() was never called/failed. */
int sk_hermes_channel_create(void);

/* sk_hermes_channel_destroy - tear down a channel created by
 * sk_hermes_channel_create(). Refuses (-1, no effect) if channel_id is
 * SK_HERMES_CHANNEL_COMMON (the common channel is permanent, SXLV.1),
 * out of range, or not in use. Clears membership. */
int sk_hermes_channel_destroy(int channel_id);

/* sk_hermes_channel_subscribe - add vm_id to channel_id's membership.
 * Refuses (-1, no effect) if channel_id is invalid/not in use, vm_id is
 * already a member, or the channel's membership is already at
 * SK_HERMES_MEMBER_MAX. Idempotent in effect (a second call with the
 * same args refuses rather than duplicating), not in return value. */
int sk_hermes_channel_subscribe(int channel_id, VMUuid vm_id);

/* sk_hermes_channel_unsubscribe - remove vm_id from channel_id's
 * membership (compacts the list, same shape as
 * sk_vm_switch_signal_unregister()). Refuses (-1, no effect) if
 * channel_id is invalid/not in use or vm_id is not a member. */
int sk_hermes_channel_unsubscribe(int channel_id, VMUuid vm_id);

/* sk_hermes_channel_is_member - nonzero iff vm_id is currently a member
 * of channel_id. Zero (not an error signal) if channel_id is invalid/not
 * in use. */
int sk_hermes_channel_is_member(int channel_id, VMUuid vm_id);

/* sk_hermes_channel_member_count - current membership size of channel_id,
 * or -1 if channel_id is invalid/not in use. */
int sk_hermes_channel_member_count(int channel_id);

/* sk_hermes_channel_capacity - the table's boot-time-computed capacity
 * (0 if sk_hermes_channels_boot_init() was never called or failed) --
 * DoE/test observability, mirrors sk_vm_switch_signal_slot_capacity(). */
int sk_hermes_channel_capacity(void);

#endif /* __STARKERNEL__ */

#endif /* STARKERNEL_VM_KERNEL_HERMES_H */